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Effect of amyloid β on the function of endosomes and lysosomes
Tmějová, Monika ; Rudajev, Vladimír (advisor) ; Čočková, Zuzana (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by accumulation of amyloid β aggregates in brain tissue. Understanding the mechanisms of amyloid β pathogenesis and neuronal cell destruction is still not clear. The most toxic form of amyloid β are 42 aminoacids long oligomers that tends to cumulate and speed up disease progression. Membrane dynamics which affect protein degradation and recycling within the cell plays a criticale role in maintaining homeostasis. Vesicular trafficking plays fundamental role in balancing physiological level of amyloid β. Disruption of endolysosomal complex leads to cycle of disruptions within the cell which results in neuronal cell death. The main aim of this thesis was to look through different ways how amyloid β42 affects endolysosomal compartment. Results of our work confirmed toxic effect of amyloid on SH-SY5Y cell line and its ability to damage functions of lysosomes. We were not able to confirm amyloid β toxicity on endosomal function. Key words: amyloid β, Alzheimer disease, oligomers, plasma membrane, endocytosis, endosome, lysosome, neurotoxicity
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Interactions of Mitochondria with Other Cellular Structures
Vinopalová, Martina ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Voleman, Luboš (referee)
In cells, mitochondria fulfil diverse set of roles, including a production of energy-rich molecules, which are necessary for proper functioning of the cell, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis and even biosynthesis of Fe-S centres, heme and steroids. To coordinate some of these processes with events occurring in the rest of the cell, mitochondria need to communicate with the other cellular structures through their physical contacts. Resulting intracellular platforms give rise to additional mitochondrial functions. This thesis summarizes current findings from the cells of mammalian model organisms and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae about the interactions of this semiautonomous organelle with other cellular components and about the functions, which these interactions mediate.
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Interactions of Mitochondria with Other Cellular Structures
Vinopalová, Martina ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Voleman, Luboš (referee)
In cells, mitochondria fulfil diverse set of roles, including a production of energy-rich molecules, which are necessary for proper functioning of the cell, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis and even biosynthesis of Fe-S centres, heme and steroids. To coordinate some of these processes with events occurring in the rest of the cell, mitochondria need to communicate with the other cellular structures through their physical contacts. Resulting intracellular platforms give rise to additional mitochondrial functions. This thesis summarizes current findings from the cells of mammalian model organisms and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae about the interactions of this semiautonomous organelle with other cellular components and about the functions, which these interactions mediate.
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Programmed necrosis: its activation, regulation and role in cellular physiology.
Rytířová, Markéta ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Holzerová, Kristýna (referee)
Cell death as the final stage of cell existence can be either triggered accidently or it can result from the activation of specific controllable signalling pathways. Regulated or programmed cell death can be induced by number of extrinsic or intrinsic stimuli under both physiological and pathological conditions. For a long time, caspase-dependent apoptosis has been considered as the only form of programmed cell death. However, in the last 10 years it has been shown and proofed that also necrotic cell death, formally considered as random and uncontrollable cell death, may also proceed in controllable manner with specific signalling pathways and features. Among the signalling pathways associated with the programmed necrosis belong activation of RIP1/RIP3 kinase-containing necrosome, then cyclophilin D assisted mitochondrial permeabilization or response to oxidative stress. To the most studied signal transduction pathways associated with the iniciation of programmed necrosis belongs TNF-mediated activation of RIP1/RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Programmed necrosis plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, for example in ischemic-reperfusion disorders, diseases of the eye, skin, gastrointestinal system, and also can be triggered in cancer therapy. Key words Cell death,...
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